Date of Award

Spring 5-27-2025

Document Type

Undergraduate Thesis

Department

Global Honors

First Advisor

Dr. Jarrod Call

Abstract

Transgender people often have difficulty accessing healthcare due to factors including the way the country they live in perceives transgender people, transphobic policies, and healthcare related barriers such as discrimination or lack of availability of doctors and institutions that can fulfill their needs, especially for gender-affirming care. To further understand these barriers, this literature review examines the transgender-related perceptions, policies, and barriers to care in the United States, Brazil, and South Africa. While these countries faced similar barriers, the degree to which they were important varied. In the US, discrimination was the most prominent barrier to care, in Brazil the most important barrier was availability of services, and South Africa was affected most by the lack of knowledge that providers had on transgender care. These findings show the importance of reducing barriers to both general and transition-related care through increased education about transgender people and gender-affirming healthcare availability around the globe.

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